When Does Stone House Revival Start Up Again

March 18, 2022 Post a Comment

American firm styles come in many shapes, some with architectural details borrowed from classical profiles, some unique to the New World.

Distinguishing Features for 23 House Styles

The story of these styles' development parallels the timeline of American history—a colony dependent on the Mother State turns into an industrial nation with a unique pattern linguistic communication.

i. Log Cabin

Dates: up to 1850s.

Features: Log walls; ane- to three-room layout, sometimes with a center passage (called a dogtrot).

The earliest settler houses went up quickly, using the about abundant material around—wood—to protect confronting the harsh weather. Log cabins were common in the middle Atlantic colonies, like this Appalachian house.

ii. Saltbox

Dates: 1607 to early 1700s

Features: Steeply pitched (catslide) roof that reaches to kickoff story in the back; massive central chimney; pocket-size windows of diamond paned casements or double-hung sash with ix or 12 lights.

Most saltboxes existed in and around New England. Their steep roof pitch is a holdover from the days of thatching, simply early settlers learned that wood shingles were better at sloughing off snowfall and rain. Few original saltboxes survive, and many are museums, like this house in East Hampton, New York.

3. Georgian

Dates: 1700 to 1780

Features: Symmetrical facade; double-hung windows with nine or 12 lights in each sash; paneled door with pilasters, transom lights, and sometimes a pedimented crown; brick in the S, clapboards in the North; dentil molding at the cornice.

American Georgian architecture is based on earlier European styles (not the British Georgian way of the same catamenia), which emphasized classical Greek and Roman shapes. Georgian houses could exist found in every part of the colonies in the 18th century.

4. Federal

Red brick Federal style home with symmetrical design.

Dates: 1780 to 1820

Features: Symmetrical facade; 6-over-half-dozen double-hung windows with shutters; paneled door with elaborate surround (pediment, pilasters, sidelights, and fanlight); dentil molding or other decoration at cornice.

Based almost entirely on the English Adamesque style, the American Federal (or Adam) manner took its cues from ancient Roman architecture. This was the first style of the newly formed United States, and it had a place in virtually every function of the land—particularly in humming urban areas similar Salem, Massachusetts, where this quondam This One-time House TV projection is located.

5. Greek Revival

Dates: 1825 to 1860

Features: Pedimented gable ends, portico or full-width porch with classical columns, 6-over-vi windows with pediments.

Americans, newly enamored with Greek commonwealth, built civic buildings that looked similar Greek temples. The fashion for columns and pediments seeped into residential compages equally far every bit the most rural farmland, popularized through design books by Asher Benjamin and Minard Lafever.

six. Gothic Revival

Dates: 1840 to 1880

Features: Steeply pitched roof with decorated bargeboard and cross gables, arched gothic windows and doors with biconvex panels, commencement-floor porch.

The Gothic Revival is another tendency that started in England and fabricated its way to the U.S. The style mimics the shapes institute on Medieval churches and houses, and is near always found in rural areas.

7. Italianate

Dates: 1840 to 1885

Features: Hip roof with deep, bracketed eaves; arched 1-over-ane or 2-over-2 windows with elaborate crowns; paired-door entryway with glass in the doors.

Over again modeled afterwards a manner started in England, the Italianate way rejected the rigid rules of classical architecture and instead looked to the more breezy look of Italian rural houses. Ironically, the way became very popular as an urban townhouse.

8. Second Empire

Dates: 1855 to 1885

Features: Mansard roof (hipped with two pitches) with dormers set into it and patterned shingles, deep eaves with decorative brackets, 2-over-ii or one-over-i windows with elaborate hoods or pediments.

The style is closely related to Italianate, but is always characterized by its mansard roof, named for the 17th-century French architect, François Mansart. The way name refers to France's second empire—the reign of Napoleon Three from 1852-1870—during which the mansard roof was in vogue.

nine. Queen Anne

Dates: 1880 to 1910

Features: Asymmetrical house shape with intersecting roof lines, turrets and bay windows; first flooring porch; patterned shingles and decorative trim.

The Queen Anne fashion—what well-nigh people would telephone call "Victorian"—is the get-go product of the American Industrial Historic period. After the Civil War, munitions factories converted to make metal house parts and the machinery to cut mass-produced wood trim. The railroads brought these products to all regions at an affordable price. And the advent of forced air heating removed the need for rooms structured around stoves and fireplaces, meaning new shapes abounded. Advances in paint technology introduced vibrant new colors to this American house fashion.

x. Shingle

Dates: 1880 to 1900

Features: Exterior walls and roofs of wood shingles; asymmetrical house shape, oftentimes organic to the mural around it; large porches; intersecting roofs of different shapes, including gambrel.

A manner mostly popular along the declension in the Northeast, Shingle houses were commonly big architects' masterpieces, free-form mansions congenital into the rocks and hills of the shore.

11. Richardsonian Romanesque

Dates: 1880 to 1900

Features: Masonry exterior (stone or brick), asymmetrical house shape with Roman or Syrian arches and towers, biconvex windows.

Closely related to the Queen Anne and Shingle styles, Romanesque houses are ever stone or brick. Though civic buildings were built earlier in the Romanesque Revival style, the course didn't show up on residences until the popular architect Henry Hobson Richardson started his exercise in New York and Boston in the 1870s.

12. Folk Victorian

Dates: ca. 1870 to 1910

Features: Uncomplicated firm forms busy with elaborate spindlework, jigsaw-cut bargeboards, and other decorative trim.

As the industrial age made car-cutting forest details affordable and available to the average American, homeowners added mass-produced decorative trim (called gingerbread) to their small, unproblematic folk cottages to dress them upwards in the style of the day.

thirteen. Colonial Revival

Dates: 1880 to 1955

Features: Large entryway and surround, columns or pilasters, symmetrical facade, 6-over-6 windows (frequently paired), side gable or gambrel roof.

The American Centennial celebrations of 1876 brought almost a nostalgia for the land's past, including its early on house styles. Only rather than copy those houses directly, architects like McKim, Mead, and White mixed and matched details from several early styles, including Dutch Colonial, Georgian, and Federal. This is one of the country's nigh enduring styles, as millions of examples survive, and a renewal of interest in information technology led to a Neo-Colonial Revival on the "McMansions" of the belatedly 20th and early 21st centuries.

14. Cape Cod

Dates: 1920s to 1940s

Features: I story cottage with loft attic infinite, symmetical window placement on either side of paneled forepart door, simple door surroundings, dormers.

The Cape Cod cottage is a subset of the Colonial Revival fashion, virtually popular from the 1920s to the 1940s. It'southward modeled later on the simple houses of colonial New England, though early examples were almost always shingled, while 20th century Capes can be clapboard, stucco, or brick. Many houses of the post World State of war II building boom were Capes, including many of the 17,400 cottages in Levittown, New York, the state'south first housing development.

xv. Neoclassical

Dates: 1895 to 1950

Features: Full-height porch with massive columns, Corinthian or Composite capitals, and large pediment; symmetrical facade.

The World'southward Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893 featured a classical theme, sparking a renewed interest in Greek and Roman architecture. This American house manner is closely related to Colonial Revival, as both look back on a time in American compages when classical forms dominated. The style is closely related to Colonial Revival, equally both look dorsum on a time in American compages when classical forms dominated.

16. Tudor Revival

Dates: 1890 to 1940

Features: Steep-pitch side gable roof with cross gable and half timbering; double-hung or narrow, multi-light casement windows, some with diamond panes; semi-hexagonal bay windows; walls of stucco or stone (afterward examples).

More Medieval than Tudor, the style's details loosely harken back to an early English class. Though the style began in the late 19th century, it was immensely popular in the growing suburbs of the 1920s. A version of Tudor came back into vogue in the late 20th century.

17. French Revival

Dates: 1915 to 1945

Features: Steeply-pitched hip roof (without front end-facing gable); flared eaves; outside brick, stucco, or rock.

American soldiers serving in France during Earth State of war I would have seen many houses with these characteristics in the French countryside. Similar the Tudor Revival, which information technology resembles, the manner was virtually popular in the growing suburbs of the 1920s.

18. Spanish Colonial Revival

Dates: 1915 to 1940

Features: Low-pitched cherry-red-tile roof, arched windows and doors, shaped parapet, asymmetrical facade, stucco exterior.

The Panama-California Exposition in San Diego in 1915 featured the California pavilion, a building with details borrowed from Spanish, Mission, and Italian architecture. The style was to the Southwest and Florida what the Colonial Revival and Tudor were to the Northeast and Midwest: an incredibly popular mode that filled out the suburbs in the years later World War I.

19. Pueblo Revival

Dates: 1910 to present

Features: Apartment roof, adobe or world-colored stucco walls with rounded edges, projecting wood beams (vigas).

Pueblo Revival houses have their roots in adobe houses built by Native Americans and Spanish colonial settlers in the Southwest. The way prevails in that function of the country, peculiarly in Arizona and New Mexico where originals survive. This house in Tucson was the subject field of a This Old House TV renovation.

xx. Craftsman

Dates: 1905 to 1930

Features: Low-pitched gable roof with deep, bracketed overhangs and exposed rafters; porches supported by massive piers and unadorned square posts; windows and doors with long vertical panes.

Followers of the Arts and crafts move (started in England in the late 19th century), particularly California architects Greene and Greene, spurned machine-made products and emphasized the beauty of manus-crafted natural materials (the grain of oak, for example) over Victorian-era excesses.

A more vernacular version of the fashion, also known every bit Bungalow or Craftsman Bungalow, was popularized through the patterns of Gustav Stickley's Craftsman magazine. The style too grew out of Frank Lloyd Wright's work in the Prairie style at the turn of the 20th century.

21. Modernistic

Dates: 1920 to 1940

Features: Flat roof, smooth stucco outside with curved walls, horizontal lines either as grooves or balustrades, zigzag or geometric Fine art Deco details, plate-glass or glass-block windows.

Earlier Modernistic houses of the 1920s were in the Art Deco style, while after examples were in the more streamlined Fine art Moderne manner. Both were adaptations of the popular forms used on commercial buildings of the time (similar New York City's Chrysler Building).

22. International

Dates: 1925 to present

Features: Flat roofs, clean lines, no decoration, cantilevered rooms, asymmetrical facade.

The style took its name from a 1932 exhibit at the Museum of Modernistic Art that showed the groundbreaking piece of work of European Bauhaus architects like Walter Gropius and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Before World War Two, information technology was most pop in California (where this firm by Richard Neutra is located) and affluent Northeast suburbs (such equally New Canaan, Connecticut, where Philip Johnson'southward Drinking glass House is).

23. Ranch

Dates: 1930s to 1960s

Features: Sprawling single story, broad facade, front-facing garage, low-pitched roof, asymmetrical facade.

Loosely based on Castilian colonial houses in the Southwest, the Ranch business firm is a cosmos of car culture: When homeowners began using their cars for transportation, they could put their houses farther apart on larger plots of state. Forth with the split-level of the 1950s and 60s and the builder'due south shed of 1970s and 1980s, the Ranch was ane of the dominant firm forms of the second half of the 20th century.

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Source: https://www.thisoldhouse.com/21018307/american-house-styles

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